What is albinism?
Albinism is a rare, non-contagious genetic disorder caused by mutations that disrupt melanin production. This results in a reduced or total absence of pigment in the hair, skin, and eyes.
What are the types of Albinism?
- Oculocutaneous Albinism: The most common type, affecting the hair, skin, and eyes.
- Ocular Albinism: Primarily affects the eyes; skin and hair color may appear normal or slightly lighter from other family members.
What are the clinical features?
Skin and Hair
● White or light skin and hair.
● Freckles, moles, or pigmented patches in certain types.
● Susceptibility to UV damage and sunburns.
Eyes
● Irises that range from very light blue to translucent.
● Vision Problems Including reduced visual acuity, strabismus, and photophobia.
What is the treatment?
There is no cure for albinism. Management focuses on lifelong protection and monitoring through:
● Wearing protective clothing and eyewear.
● Using sunscreen with SPF 50 or higher.
● Annual skin examinations by a dermatologist and routine eye exams.
|
Albinism |
Vitiligo |
|
A genetic disorder present from birth |
An acquired autoimmune disorder that appears after birth |
|
A stable condition that does not spread or improve |
May improve or worsen with treatment |
|
Two types: • A type affecting all melanin-containing areas of the body, including the eyes, retina, skin, and hair. • A type affecting only the eyes |
Initially presents as an incomplete disorder and may take various forms |
|
Caused by a biochemical defect in melanin synthesis |
Caused by autoimmune destruction of melanin-producing cells |
References: DermNet, Ministry of Health
Written by: Shada Alanazi