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Alopecia Areata

Background Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition that causes the body to attack the hair follicles, resulting in hair loss. Typically, this condition is characterized by round patches of non-scarring hair loss; and occasionally, nails…
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Netherton Syndrome

Netherton syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects the skin, hair, and immune system. It is caused by mutations in the SPINK5 gene, which provides instructions for making a protein called LEKTI. LEKTI plays a crucial role in regulating…
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Piebaldism

What is piebaldism Piebaldism is an uncommon inherited pigmentation disorder manifesting at birth with patchy leukoderma (white skin) and white hair (poliosis). Consequently, the most prominent trait of piebaldism is a white forelock (a patch…
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Melanoma

Overview & Epidemiology of Melanoma Melanoma is a malignant tumor that arises due to the uncontrollable growth of melanocytes (pigmented cells). Melanoma is the fifth most common cancer among men and women in the United States. The superficial …
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Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum

Epidemiology of NLD Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum (NLD) is a rare granulomatous skin disorder that has a female predominance, with an approximate ratio of  3:1. It has been linked to diabetes mellitus; as up to 65% of NLD patients …
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Drug-induced Alopecia

Alopecia from drugs is a usually reversible nonscarring diffuse hair loss that occurs within days to weeks of starting a new medication or changing the dose. There are two types of drug-induced hair loss: ● Anagen effluvium – the she…
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Pityriasis Rosea

Pityriasis rosea is an acute exanthem of unknown etiology that is self-limiting and resolves within one to three months. It is a common skin disorder with distinctive erythematous oval scaly eruption of the trunk and limbs, characterized by…
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Kimura disease

  Kimura disease is a rare autoimmune disorder that causes lymphadenopathy, a condition in which lymph nodes become enlarged. It is caused by an abnormal immune response to a viral infection, which results in the production of autoantibodies…
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Trichomycosis Axillaris

  What is the cause of Trichomycosis Axillaris?  Trichomycosis axillaris, also known as trichobacteriosis is a superficial bacterial infection of the underarm hairs caused by Cornyebacterium sp. What is the clinical presentation? The …
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Poikiloderma of Civatte

    Poikiloderma of civatte is a chronic benign skin condition. It is characterised by a triad of skin atrophy, hyper\hypopigmentation and telangiectasia. It is most commonly seen in middle aged fair-skinned people, especially…
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Clinical Presentation of Sézary Syndrome

  Sézary syndrome (SS) is a leukemic type of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) in which the peripheral blood contains a large number of circulating malignant (Sézary) cells. SS is assumed to be made up of mature epidermotropic skin h…
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Dermatofibroma

Dermatofibroma, aka cutaneous fibrous histiocytoma, is a benign fibrous nodule composed of fibroblasts and histiocytes. It mainly occurs on the lower extremities. Dermatofibromas are mostly seen in females —although some histological variants a…