What is Jessner lymphocytic infiltrate?

Jessner lymphocytic infiltrate is a rare skin disorder that appears as non-scaly red patches and lumps on the face, neck, and upper back. They are usually neither painful nor pruritic. Lesions may experience stages of remission and exacerbation over months or years. Some cases have had a complete, spontaneous resolution.

Other names for this condition include benign lymphocytic infiltration, Jessner disease, Jessner-Kanof syndrome, and benign chronic T-cell infiltrative disorder.

Causes of Jessner lymphocytic infiltrate

The exact etiology of Jessner lymphocytic infiltrate remains unknown. It is categorized as a benign T-cell lymphoproliferative disease. Some cases have been linked to Borrelia, the bacterium that causes Lyme disease. Drugs such as duloxetine, ramipril, leflunomide, glatiramer acetate, and ustekinumab have all been linked to Jessner lymphocytic infiltrates.

Clinical features of Jessner lymphocytic infiltrate

Lymphocytic infiltration of the skin typically begins as non-scaly erythematous papules, which extend peripherally to create well-defined, slightly infiltrated erythematous plaques. Sometimes, the center of the lesion is left clear. Papules, or plaques, range in size from 2 mm to 2 cm in diameter and can form crescents or rings. It is typically present on the face, neck, upper back, or trunk and lasts several months. The lesions could be solitary or numerous. Lymphocytic infiltration of the skin is varied and unpredictable, with most cases lasting months to years . There may be periods of remission, exacerbation, and spontaneous resolution.

The seasonal activity of Jessner lymphocytic infiltrate varies: more patients deteriorate during the winter than in the summer; however, flares may be connected with sun exposure. Typically, they are symptomless; however, some individuals may experience itching or burning.

Diagnosis of Jessner lymphocytic infiltrate

The diagnosis is based on clinical findings and a skin biopsy.
The most common differential diagnoses include tumid lupus erythematosus, lymphocytoma cutis, and polymorphous light eruption.

Treatment of Jessner lymphocytic infiltrate

Jessner lymphocytic infiltrate usually doesn’t require any therapy.

Cosmetic camouflage additionally may be used to conceal lesions and Improve the appearance.

Sun protection measures should be recommended to all patients.

The following treatments can be used but variable results have been reported:

Corticosteroids
Antimalarial drugs include hydroxychloroquine.
UVA1 phototherapy or photochemotherapy (PUVA)
Photodynamic treatment
Cyclophosphamide
Thalidomide
Radiotherapy

Written by:

Atheer Alhuthaili , Medical student.

Revised by:

Naif Alshehri, Medical intern

References:

DermNet.

Medscape.